Consultant in reproductive health Dr. Mawaheb Tawhid al-Mowalhi believes that female excision in not routed in Islam but comes from old traditions. The World Health Organisation (WHO) condemns the act; records show it originated in Africa and parts of the Middle East. The expert said this is one of the most brutal violations of women’s rights. The practice was encouraged because it was meant to protect women from losing their chastity and good virtues, she said. Some people believe that the practice would purify women and make them more feminine. “The women undergo a great deal of physical and psychological dangers depending on the circumstances of the operation. These include hemorrhages and sepsis,” she said. Some parents leave their daughters bleed to death because they do not want to be reported, the specialist said. Al-Mowalhi said the procedure consists in removing the clitoris, thus depriving the woman of any pleasurable sensation during sex. This operation greatly impact on women’s lives in their relationships. There have been many cases of malpractice where doctors have caused the death of their patients. Many countries have banned this operation.