Cairo’s population is set to grow by 500,000 this year, more than any other city in the world, adding to the pressure on an Egyptian economy struggling to recover from six years of political turmoil.
Greater Cairo – a metropolitan area including the cities of Cairo, Giza and Qalyubia – is home to some 22.8 million people and will gain another half a million in 2017, a Euromonitor International report released last week shows.
That represents a quarter of Egypt’s 92 million. The national natural population growth of 2.4 per cent per year is double the average of other developing countries, said Mohamed Abdelgalil, adviser to the official statistics agency Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics.
Stinging poverty in southern Egypt leads many families to have several children in the hope they can become sources of income. Those children eventually migrate to larger cities for job opportunities scarce in their hometowns.
"In rural areas, and in the south in particular, poor families have many children because they see these children as a safety net," said Maysa Shawky, the head of the National Population Council.
"Also, many of them have daughters until they have sons," she added. "They want to produce breadwinners - instead of hiring a worker, they could have their children help them."
Ms Shawky said awareness campaigns at universities and schools have begun as part of a national population strategy.
Internal migration is one of the main causes of overpopulation in Cairo. Egypt lists 351 slums as unsafe, most of them in the sprawling capital where the poorest have built ramshackle homes that lack basic amenities such as mains sewage and water. Some 850,000 people are believed to live in such dangerous slums.
"For the average citizen to not be affected by hikes in the prices of goods and services, the economic growth rate must be double the natural population increase rate," Mr Abdelgalil said.
Egypt’s economic growth was 4.3 per cent in 2015-2016 - not enough to achieve that. The IMF expects it to be about 4 per cent this year.
A new administrative capital, announced in March 2015, is intended partly to reduce the crowding in Cairo. Some 45km to the east, it will be home to government ministries, housing and an airport.
People will start moving to the as yet-unnamed new city in 2018, said Khaled Abbas, assistant to the housing minister for technical affairs. Work on 17,000 to 18,000 residential units is nearing completion and they will be put up for sale in April.
"Egypt’s population is expected to reach 160 to 180 million in 40 years. Where will all these people go?" said Mr Abbas. "We’re also working on developing areas in northern and southern Egypt."

Source: The National