Supporters hold Spanish and opposition Popular Party (PP) flag in front of the PP headquarters For the leader of Spain's right, Mariano Rajoy, winning Sunday's elections may prove to be the easy part: now he has to win over the markets. Rajoy will have to show he can trim Spain's bulging budget , and quickly, or risk the same fierce financial pressures that forced governments in Ireland, Portugal, Greece and Italy from power.
"After the November 20 elections we will have completed an unwritten, unplanned process of replacing all the governments of Europe's periphery economies: Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Italy, as well as Spain," said a report by Bankinter.
Investors fled those countries the moment they doubted their commitment or ability to cut spending and repay sovereign debt.
People’s Party leader Rajoy won the biggest parliamentary majority in a Spanish election in 29 years and called on Spaniards to work together to prevent the nation being overwhelmed by the sovereign debt crisis.
The People’s Party won 186 of the 350 seats in Congress compared with 110 for the Socialist Party’s candidate Alfredo Perez Rubalcaba, based on 97 percent of the vote counted. That’s the worst showing for the Socialists since Spain returned to democracy in 1978.
“Today more than ever our destiny is played out in and with Europe,” Rajoy said in an acceptance speech in Madrid.“We will stop being a problem and become part of the solution again.”
The PP owed much of its success to the collapse in support for the Socialists. The PP won 10.5 million votes, little changed from the 10.2 million four years ago. Support for the Socialists plunged, with the party getting 6.8 million votes, a drop of about 4.5 million votes from 2008.
In the case of Spain, where the ruling Socialists are blamed for economic stagnation and an unemployment rate of 21.5 percent, the punishment mounted up to the final trading days before the vote.
The debt risk premium -- the extra return investors demand for Spanish 10-year bonds over safe-haven German debt -- shot above 5.0 percentage points Thursday for the first time since the creation of the euro.
The arrival of Rajoy, leader of the conservative Popular Party, may not suffice to calm the storm in Spain, the fourth largest economy in the 17-nation single currency region.
With more than 99 percent of the ballots counted, the Popular Party had 44.60 percent of the vote delivering 186 seats, an absolute majority, in the 350-member Chamber of Deputies.
Rajoy vowed to cheering supporters he would fight "the deficit, excessive debt and economic stagnation, and everything that keeps this country in critical circumstances."
"We are facing a decisive moment for Spain."
But Bankinter warned in a report that the new government would not enjoy the usual 100-day grace period that follows election.
And whatever the new government does, the solution may lie beyond Spain's borders with the European Central Bank, it said.
"In our opinion, no austerity measure in the countries under pressure can dramatically convince the markets unless there is a strong intervention by the ECB," Bankinter said.
The first challenge is the deficit, which Spain has vowed to cut from 9.3 percent of gross domestic product last year to 6.0 percent in 2011, 4.4 percent in 2012 and 3.0 percent -- the European Union limit -- in 2013.
The Bank of Spain and the European Commission each say those targets cannot be reached without further measures, blaming powerful but spendthrift regional governments.
With an unemployment rate of 21.52 percent, the highest in the industrialised world, labour market reform, which began in 2010, must go deeper, analysts say.
The third challenge is economic growth, which fell to zero in the third quarter when compared to the previous three months.
Spain's government admitted four days before the vote that the economy would grow only 0.8 percent over the whole of 2011, far short of its official 1.3-percent target.
Recession could return in 2012, according to Goldman Sachs and the French bank Natixis.
Finally, the banking sector, pounded by the 2008 property bubble collapse, is weighed down with 176 billion euros ($238 billion) in bad loans and repossessed buildings and land.
The business daily El Economista estimated last week that Spain has private bank and public treasury debt payments due in 2012 of a total 335 billion euros, for which it may need to ask for 100 billion euros.
According to the paper, Rajoy has already spoken to German Chancellor Angela Merkel about the conditions for possible European financial assistance to Spain.
"One of the first decisions the new government might be forced to make is negotiating with the IMF and/or the EFSF (European Financial Stability Facility) a precautionary credit line," said Unicredit analyst Jose Abad.
If the aid does come in at 100 billion euros, "that would be a real rescue," said IG Markets analyst Daniel Pingarron, who said he expected Spain to seek temporary lines of credit on a much smaller scale.